Post-stratify a survey

Post-stratification adjusts the sampling and replicate weights so that the joint distribution of a set of post-stratifying variables matches the known population joint distribution. Use rake when the full joint distribution is not available.

postStratify(design, strata, population, partial = FALSE, ...)
# S3 method for svyrep.design
postStratify(design, strata, population, partial = FALSE, compress=NULL,...)
# S3 method for survey.design
postStratify(design, strata, population, partial = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

design: A survey design with replicate weights
strata: A formula or data frame of post-stratifying variables, which must not contain missing values.
population: A table, xtabs or data.frame with population frequencies
partial: if TRUE, ignore population strata not present in the sample
compress: Attempt to compress the replicate weight matrix? When NULL will attempt to compress if the original weight matrix was compressed
...: arguments for future expansion

Details

The population totals can be specified as a table with the strata variables in the margins, or as a data frame where one column lists frequencies and the other columns list the unique combinations of strata variables (the format produced by as.data.frame acting on a table object). A table must have named dimnames to indicate the variable names.

Compressing the replicate weights will take time and may even increase memory use if there is actually little redundancy in the weight matrix (in particular if the post-stratification variables have many values and cut across PSUs).

If a svydesign object is to be converted to a replication design the post-stratification should be performed after conversion.

The variance estimate for replication designs follows the same procedure as Valliant (1993) described for estimating totals. Rao et al (2002) describe this procedure for estimating functions (and also the GREG or g-calibration procedure, see calibrate)

Note

If the sampling weights are already post-stratified there will be no change in point estimates after postStratify but the standard error estimates will decrease to correctly reflect the post-stratification.

Value

A new survey design object.

References

Valliant R (1993) Post-stratification and conditional variance estimation. JASA 88: 89-96

Rao JNK, Yung W, Hidiroglou MA (2002) Estimating equations for the analysis of survey data using poststratification information. Sankhya 64 Series A Part 2, 364-378.

Examples

data(api)
dclus1<-svydesign(id=~dnum, weights=~pw, data=apiclus1, fpc=~fpc)
rclus1<-as.svrepdesign(dclus1)

svymean(~api00, rclus1)
#>         mean     SE
#> api00 644.17 26.329
svytotal(~enroll, rclus1)
#>          total     SE
#> enroll 3404940 932235

# post-stratify on school type
pop.types <- data.frame(stype=c("E","H","M"), Freq=c(4421,755,1018))
#or: pop.types <- xtabs(~stype, data=apipop)
#or: pop.types <- table(stype=apipop$stype)

rclus1p<-postStratify(rclus1, ~stype, pop.types)
summary(rclus1p)
#> Call: postStratify(rclus1, ~stype, pop.types)
#> Unstratified cluster jacknife (JK1) with 15 replicates.
#> Variables: 
#>  [1] "cds"      "stype"    "name"     "sname"    "snum"     "dname"   
#>  [7] "dnum"     "cname"    "cnum"     "flag"     "pcttest"  "api00"   
#> [13] "api99"    "target"   "growth"   "sch.wide" "comp.imp" "both"    
#> [19] "awards"   "meals"    "ell"      "yr.rnd"   "mobility" "acs.k3"  
#> [25] "acs.46"   "acs.core" "pct.resp" "not.hsg"  "hsg"      "some.col"
#> [31] "col.grad" "grad.sch" "avg.ed"   "full"     "emer"     "enroll"  
#> [37] "api.stu"  "fpc"      "pw"      
svymean(~api00, rclus1p)
#>         mean     SE
#> api00 642.31 26.934
svytotal(~enroll, rclus1p)
#>          total     SE
#> enroll 3680893 473431


## and for svydesign objects
dclus1p<-postStratify(dclus1, ~stype, pop.types)
summary(dclus1p)
#> 1 - level Cluster Sampling design
#> With (15) clusters.
#> postStratify(dclus1, ~stype, pop.types)
#> Probabilities:
#>    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
#> 0.01854 0.03257 0.03257 0.03040 0.03257 0.03257 
#> Population size (PSUs): 757 
#> Data variables:
#>  [1] "cds"      "stype"    "name"     "sname"    "snum"     "dname"   
#>  [7] "dnum"     "cname"    "cnum"     "flag"     "pcttest"  "api00"   
#> [13] "api99"    "target"   "growth"   "sch.wide" "comp.imp" "both"    
#> [19] "awards"   "meals"    "ell"      "yr.rnd"   "mobility" "acs.k3"  
#> [25] "acs.46"   "acs.core" "pct.resp" "not.hsg"  "hsg"      "some.col"
#> [31] "col.grad" "grad.sch" "avg.ed"   "full"     "emer"     "enroll"  
#> [37] "api.stu"  "fpc"      "pw"      
svymean(~api00, dclus1p)
#>         mean    SE
#> api00 642.31 23.92
svytotal(~enroll, dclus1p)
#>          total     SE
#> enroll 3680893 406293